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Carbon monoxide exposure forced evacuation of Washington Junior High School on Thursday and sent over 50 students to the emergency room.
Soon before midday, students began complaining of headaches, nausea and dizziness. A physical education teacher surmised carbon monoxide poisoning and suggested calling the Fire Department.
Bentonville Fire Department personnel were on the scene about 11:53 a.m. Handheld carbon monoxide detectors confirmed the suspicion. Over 1,000 students were evacuated to the gym, assistant fire chief Brent Boydston said.
Dr. Brad Johnson, who works in emergency medicine at Northwest Medical Center of Benton County, responded to the emergency. Paramedics and Johnson examined the students on the scene outside, in front of the gym. The students were triaged based on the severity of their symptoms, Johnson said. "When exposed to carbon monox- ide, getting out of the environment and exposing them to fresh air helps a lot," Johnson said.
The average carbon monoxide level in hallways was 85 parts per million; the teachers ’ lounge held the most extreme level, 170 ppm. Boydston said 400 ppm is thought about dangerous; Occupational Safety and Health Administration workplace levels should not exceed 50 ppm.
Three students needing immediate care were taken by ambulance to Northwest Medical Center of Benton County because of other medical conditions such as asthma, Johnson said. About 2:30 p.m., 49 students were transported to the hospital on a school bus with paramedics, Johnson said.
Nurses, respiratory therapists, emergency room doctors, pediatricians and anesthesiologists all worked together and responded to the school incident as a mass-casualty situation, Johnson said.
About 4 p.m., Johnson said, the students were doing great. Hospital staff tested the blood of students showing the worst symptoms. The results showed a level of carbon monoxide slightly higher than that of a cigarette smoker.
Boydston said fire personnel searched for a fuel-burning appliance in an hard work to locate the source of the carbon monoxide. About 1:30 p.m. Boydston was unsure of the source.
School superintendent Gary Compton speculated that exhaust from delivery trucks near the school was sucked in to the building’s fresh-air exchange method. That sent the gas in to the building.
The school is heated by a water-source heating method. It would not generate a carbon monoxide problem, Boydston said. The central area on the west side of the school had the highest concentrations of carbon monoxide.
Tim Hicks, youth minister with the Bentonville Church of Christ, went to the school after hearing about the incident. Each Thursday, they picks up approximately one students to take them to an afterschool church program.
Hicks waited with student Tiffany Rothfus.
Rothfus, a ninth-grader, was in English class when three student complained his stomach hurt. Rothfus, 14, said they was unharmed and was waiting for her brother to pick her up from school.

The AHU provided 1,273 cubic foot per minute (cfm) of air. The supply air method was balanced so each room received approximately 1 cfm of air per square foot of floor space. A single return air grille in the dining room conveyed air to the AHU from the check home. Consistent with a typical residential installation, the AHU did not have an outdoor air intake.
3.2.1 Envelope Leakage
The envelope leakage rate of the check home was measured in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E779-99 by conducting a Minneapolis Blower Door Check (ASTM 1999). The check consists of a powerful variable speed fan that is sealed in to an exterior doorway and used to blow air either in to or out of the check home. Gauges are used during the testing to measure the pressure difference between inside and outside of the house. Figure 3.4 depicts the blower door check equipment on the exterior double door of the check home.
Environmental Health & Engineering Project #13603 Whole House Air Cleaning Method Page #19

From the information collected during the testing EH&E determined that the approximate leakage
area of the check home was 624 square centimeters.
3.2.2 Infiltration
The air exchange rate of the check home was measured in accordance with ASTM E741-00 with sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as the tracer gas (ASTM 2000). The testing was conducted by releasing SF6 in to the check home and recording the SF6 levels in multiple areas of the check home over an extended time period. The decay rate of the SF6 levels is used to calculate the air exchange rate. Two air exchange rate measurements were made prior to initiation of testing and the values ranged between 0.05 and 0.15 air changes per hour (ACH). As detailed later, air exchange rates of this magnitude were observed consistently throughout the testing program.
3.3 AEROSOL GENERATION
EH&E characterized the performance of each air cleaning method when challenged with a fine dust standard aerosolized inside the check home and with fungal spores present in outdoor air brought in to the home. The fine dust standard used in this testing is identical to the dust material necessary by the AHAM protocol for evaluation of household portable
Environmental Health & Engineering Project #13603 Whole House Air Cleaning Method Page #20
electric air cleaners (AHAM 2002). The fine dust standard includes a wide range of particle sizes extending from less than 0.1 μm to 20 μm.
The fine dust standard was aerosolized with a Pitt 3 Acoustical Generator designed and constructed by the University of Pittsburgh. The Pitt 3 Generator utilizes acoustical energy generated from a loudspeaker to aerosolize powdery materials. Energy from the loudspeaker, in the form of sound waves, vibrates a latex membrane that in turn vibrates the air column and fine dust standard in the plastic tube. The sound waves dispense the particles, which are then carried out with the airflow escaping the top of the plastic tube. Tidy, filtered compressed air is supplied at the bottom of the tube and is delivered to the room from a hose attached to the top of the tube along with entrained particles.
3.4 INSTRUMENTATION
3.4.1 Sample Locations
The location of the sampling instruments throughout the check home is indicated on Figure

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